5 Common Forms of Payroll Fraud Faced by Employers
For employers looking to safeguard their organizations from fraud, payroll is among the most obvious targets they must protect. That’s where the money is, after all. Payroll can stand out as a bright red bullseye for criminals if not carefully guarded.
How bright? In its Occupational Fraud 2024: A Report to the Nations, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners found that 15% of all occupational fraud schemes in the United States and Canada involve payroll. The report also revealed that, once these crimes are underway, they typically last 18 months before they’re detected, and the average loss is $2,800 a month.
Clearly, the stakes are high. What’s worse, payroll fraud can happen in many ways. Here are five of its most common forms:
1. Workers’ compensation insurance fraud. Employees who are legitimately injured on the job generally are entitled to receive workers’ comp benefits. But some employees fabricate injuries and make fraudulent claims. Crimes of this nature can elevate your insurance premiums and cause substantial out-of-pocket losses for self-insured employers.
To help prevent fraud, establish detailed policies and procedures for handling workers’ comp claims — including how to report injuries. Installing surveillance cameras to capture any workplace injuries may also help.
2. Buddy punching. This term is used to describe when one employee improperly punches a time clock for another employee to inflate hours on a time sheet. It usually means lower productivity and indicates a general culture of dishonesty. Time-tracking apps may help curtail buddy punching to some extent, but employees can still share login credentials and devices to cheat.
Be sure to create, distribute and enforce clear rules about recording time worked. If buddy punching becomes a recurring issue, require workers to verify their identities with ID cards, face recognition or fingerprints. Be sure supervisors are carefully reviewing time sheets and noting suspicious behavior.
3. Bonus and commission fraud. Many employers offer bonuses or commissions for meeting sales goals or other benchmarks. These can be valuable incentives that drive productivity. Unfortunately, they can also tempt dishonest employees to fudge the numbers. The temptation can be particularly great in stressful environments where competition is fierce and goals are tough to achieve.
Providing a level playing field and making goals achievable generally helps tamp down the kind of resentment and desperation that may lead employees to commit this type of fraud. Also, monitor bonuses and commissions paid every payroll period. If any amount seems unusual or excessive, investigate it.
4. Ghost employees. Accounting department staffers, or anyone with access to payroll records, can create “ghost” (nonexistent) employees and start issuing paychecks to them. The checks typically are deposited in accounts set up by the perpetrators. Although these criminals usually invent names for their fictitious employees, they sometimes use identities of former employees to collect wages illegally.
Regularly review payroll records to ensure there aren’t any ghosts on the books. One red flag to look for is unfamiliar names that share personal information with other employees, such as having the same home address or phone number.
5. Expense reimbursement fraud. This is an especially common form of wrongdoing. Some employees may not even think that falsifying expenses for business trips is unethical because they believe “everyone does it.” If you don’t have a detailed expense reimbursement policy that requires, for example, employees to substantiate claims with receipts and obtain manager sign off, establish one immediately.
Expense reimbursement fraud is serious and may get employers — not just their employees — in trouble with taxing authorities. Stay apprised of the latest IRS rules on reimbursing employees’ expenses. We can answer any questions you have about those rules or any aspect of payroll fraud prevention.
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